3D surface ERT inversion

Inversion of 3D surface ERT field data (the gallery).

We import the used pygimli library and toolboxes for mesh, plot and ERT.

import pygimli as pg
import pygimli.meshtools as mt
from pygimli.physics import ert
from pygimli.viewer import pv

We load the data file from the example repository. It represents a surface ERT array in a 14x9 electrode grid with a spacing of 2.5m (Günther, 2004). Data are measured using the dipole-dipole array in both x and y direction.

data = pg.getExampleData("ert/gallery3d.dat")
data["k"] = ert.geometricFactors(data, dim=3)
print(data)

Data: Sensors: 126 data: 753, nonzero entries: ['a', 'b', 'k', 'm', 'n', 'rhoa', 'valid']

For generating the mesh, we first create a piecewise-linear complex, i.e. the boxes for inversion region and background and mesh it then.

plc = mt.createParaMeshPLC3D(data, paraDepth=12, paraMaxCellSize=3,
                             surfaceMeshQuality=34)
mesh = mt.createMesh(plc, quality=1.3)
print(mesh)

Mesh: Nodes: 4142 Cells: 23026 Boundaries: 46977

We estimate an error using 2% relative error and an absolute error of 100uV at an assumed current of 100mA which is almost zero.

data["err"] = ert.estimateError(data, relativeError=0.02)
mgr = ert.ERTManager(data)
mgr.invert(mesh=mesh, verbose=True)

fop: <pygimli.physics.ert.ertModelling.ERTModelling object at 0x7fbe871a6980>
Data transformation: <pygimli.core._pygimli_.RTransLogLU object at 0x7fbe871a5580>
Model transformation: <pygimli.core._pygimli_.RTransLog object at 0x7fbe871a6c50>
min/max (data): 119/488
min/max (error): 2%/2%
min/max (start model): 257/257
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 0 ... chi² =  217.68
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 1 ... chi² =   16.91 (dPhi = 90.62%) lam: 20.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 2 ... chi² =    4.70 (dPhi = 56.06%) lam: 20.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 3 ... chi² =    3.46 (dPhi = 13.00%) lam: 20.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inv.iter 4 ... chi² =    3.34 (dPhi = 1.17%) lam: 20.0
################################################################################
#                Abort criterion reached: dPhi = 1.17 (< 2.0%)                 #
################################################################################

8660 [438.7965978469561,...,522.3607111089752]

We visualize the result by a resistivity threshold and a slice using pyVista

pd = mgr.paraDomain
pd["res"] = mgr.model
pl, _ = pg.show(pd, label="res", style="surface", cMap="Spectral_r", hold=True,
                filter={"threshold": dict(value=500, scalars="res")})
pv.drawMesh(pl, pd, label="res", style="surface", cMap="Spectral_r",
            filter={"slice": dict(normal=[-1, 0, 0], origin=[5, 15, -2])})
pl.camera_position = "yz"
pl.camera.azimuth = 20
pl.camera.elevation = 20
pl.camera.zoom(1.2)
_ = pl.show()

/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/pyvista/plotting/themes.py:2942: PyVistaDeprecationWarning: `DefaultTheme` has been deprecated and renamed `Theme`. Further, `DocumentTheme` is now the PyVista default theme.
  warnings.warn(

References

Günther, T. (2004): Inversion Methods and Resolution Analysis for the 2D/3D Reconstruction of Resistivity Structures from DC Measurements. PhD thesis, University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, available on http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-4152277.